Cancer conditions
We’re here to get the best possible life outcomes for every cancer patient. We do that by combining the right clinical teams with innovative and effective treatments.
Cancers we treat
We work with nationally recognized consultants to design and deliver many cutting-edge cancer treatments that are proven to be safe and effective.
There are over 200 different types of cancer, and each are treated in different ways. We personalize your care to you and your condition so it’s often a combination of therapies delivered in a seamless pathway from diagnosis to survivorship.
The main approaches to cancer care are:
- Early detection and diagnosis is critical so cancers can be identified before they have spread elsewhere in the body and be treated more easily
- Surgery to remove tumors (at our partner hospitals)
- Radiation therapy to target and destroy cancer cells and some difficult-to-reach tumors
- Medical oncology that utilizes drug therapy to treat cancer. This includes chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy
You can read more about the types of cancer that we treat at SunState Medical Specialists below.
Blood cancer
Blood cancers occur when your body produces larger, or smaller, numbers of blood cells that don’t function properly. These abnormal blood cells prevent your body from performing its normal functions, including fighting off infections, carrying oxygen around and preventing serious bleeding.
Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma, or plasma cell myeloma, is a blood cancer that begins in the plasma cells of the bone marrow – where blood cells are made. It can start in more than one place in your body, including the spine, pelvis, ribs and skull.
Healthy plasma cells produce different antibodies that help your body fight various infections. If you have myeloma, the abnormal cells create an abnormal variety of antibodies that don’t work correctly. These are sometimes called a paraprotein or monoclonal antibody which multiply in an uncontrolled way.
The abnormal antibodies fill up your bone marrow and affect the normal production of other cells in the blood. This can lead to problems that may include anemia and a weakened immune system. Too many plasma cells can also damage your bones – causing them to be painful, thinner, and break more easily.
The cause of most myelomas is not known, although there are some factors that increase your risk of developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it does make it more likely. You may even have a variety of risk factors for multiple myeloma and never get it.
However, you’re more likely to develop multiple myeloma if you:
- Are a black person (black people are affected twice as often as white or Asian people)
- Are over 75 years old
- Are overweight or obese
- Have a family history of myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
- Have a weakened immune system, which may be due to receiving medication following a transplant or having a condition such as HIV
- Have an autoimmune condition such as lupus
- Have previously received to radiation therapy
- Have certain genetic conditions such as Gaucher disease
Not everybody has symptoms in the early stages of multiple myeloma. The cancer grows slowly, so it may take several years before you notice any warning signs. As it develops, you may experience:
- Bone pain in your ribs or lower back
- Breathlessness
- Changes in your bowel habits
- Fatigue
- Feeling very thirsty or sick
- Fever and repeated infections
- Kidney problems
- Loss of appetite
- Swelling in your ankles
- Unusual bruising of the skin and bleeding
Having one or more of these multiple myeloma symptoms doesn’t mean you have cancer, as they may be caused by other conditions. It’s best to speak to your primary care physician if you have any concerns. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chances are of it being successfully treated.
Our standard of care starts by offering the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for multiple myeloma — including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and radiation therapy. As part of a successful global company, we have access to world-class expertise and invest in the latest technology and treatments that have been proven to make a difference.
At SunState Medical Specialists, we understand what it takes to achieve the best possible life outcomes, so we go even further by providing the personal support you need. After all, we’re treating you — not just your cancer.
Multiple myeloma journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for multiple myeloma, from diagnostics to survivorship
Brain and spinal cord cancers
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS). The brain sends signals down the nerves of your spinal cord to the rest of the body to coordinate your muscles and internal organ functions.
Cancers develop when normal cells start to grow uncontrollably and form a mass known as a tumor. There are two main types of tumors that are found in the brain and spinal cord:
- Primary tumor – cancerous cells that have originated in the brain/spinal cord and formed a tumor
- Secondary tumor (metastasis) – a tumor that has originated in another part of the body and has spread to the brain/spinal cord
Secondary tumors in the brain and spinal cord are more common than primary tumors. It is estimated that approximately 35,000 patients will be diagnosed with a primary brain tumor each year in the U.S., and 140,000 patients with brain metastasis. Malignant (cancerous) brain and spinal tumors are relatively rare compared to other types of cancer.
Because they are located in such a critical area — cancers of the CNS are complicated to treat — which is why we work with teams of highly specialized clinicians to offer you the latest treatment plans.
The causes of these cancers are not fully understood, however, there are risk factors that can increase the likelihood of you developing them.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it does make it more likely. You may even have multiple risk factors for brain and spinal cord cancers and never get them.
The main risk factor for primary brain cancer is radiation. Radiation therapy for primary brain cancer is associated with a 55% increased risk of further brain tumors. Other risk factors include:
- Age – adult brain tumors can occur at any age, but are most common in people 50 to 70 years old
- Sex – there is a higher incidence of primary brain tumors in men compared to women
- Having certain genetic conditions, such as neurofibromatosis or Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- A family history of CNS tumors
- Having diabetes if you’re female
- Having another condition, such as Parkinson’s disease, HIV infection or AIDS
There are several early warning signs of cancers of the CNS, and these can vary from person to person. As the tumor grows, it takes up more space. Depending on its location, the growing tumor starts to increase pressure in your skull or on the nerves in close proximity, causing symptoms.
Common symptoms include:
- Headaches
- Tiredness and feeling drowsy
- Nausea and vomiting
- Changes to vision, speech or hearing
- Fits
Other symptoms you may experience can be related to the area of the brain your tumor has developed in.
Symptoms by brain area:
- Frontal lobe – changes in personality and intellect, difficulty in walking, weakness of one side of the body, loss of smell, speech difficulties
- Parietal lobe – difficulty speaking or understanding words, problems with writing, reading or calculations, difficulties in coordinating movements and finding your way around, numbness or weakness on one side of the body
- Temporal lobe – seizures, feelings of fear or déjà vu, strange smells or blackouts, speech difficulties, memory problems
- Occipital lobe – loss of vision to one eye which may not be noticeable at first and can sometimes be discovered during routine eye tests
- Cerebellum – lack of coordination, slurred speech (dysarthria), unsteadiness, flickering involuntary movement of the eyes (nystagmus), vomiting, neck stiffness
- Brain stem – unsteadiness and an uncoordinated walk, facial weakness, a one-sided smile or drooping eyelids, double vision, speaking and swallowing difficulties, vomiting or headache just after waking (this is rare)
- Meninges – headaches sickness and problems with sight and movement
- Pituitary gland – irregular periods, infertility, weight gain, lethargy, high blood pressure, diabetes, mood swings, enlarged hands and feet, tunnel vision
If your cancer started in the cranial nerves, you may experience:
- Vision problems
- Swallowing difficulties
- Hearing loss in one or both ears
- Facial paralysis, numbness or pain
Spine cancers usually cause symptoms on both sides of the body, such as numbness in both legs. This is different from most brain tumors which often only affect one side of the body. Spine cancers can also cause different symptoms, depending on where in the spinal cord the tumor is found:
- Spinal cord tumors in the neck affect the arms and legs, as well as bowel and bladder function
- Spinal cord tumors below the neck affect the legs, bowel and bladder
Sometimes these symptoms may be caused by other benign (non-cancerous) conditions. If you have one or more symptoms and are concerned, you should visit your doctor.
Our standard of care starts by offering the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for brain, spine and CNS cancers — including surgery, chemotherapy and advanced radiation therapy such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Your care team can also give you advice about well-being and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
Our multidisciplinary teams are comprised of world-class physicians and expert support staff, who work together to ensure you always receive the best possible care that’s focused on you, not just your cancer.
Brain and spinal cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for brain cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Breast cancer
One in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime, which makes it the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States, second only to skin cancer. It is the abnormal and uncontrollable growth of the cells lining the breast lobules or ducts. These cancerous cells have the potential to spread, or metastasize, to lymph nodes near the breast or other distant parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, bones, or brain.
Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment options
At SunState Medical Specialists, we offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for breast cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, advanced radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Your care team can also give you advice about wellbeing and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
We know from experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Breast cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for brain cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer, sometimes called colon cancer or bowel cancer, is the fourth most common cancer type in the U.S with an estimated 145,000 new cases in 2019. Our teams of expert oncologists continually evaluate the latest colorectal cancer treatments so we can offer the most up-to-date options to every patient without delay.
The colon and rectum are part of your digestive system. The colon is the first four to five feet of the large intestine (also called the large bowel) and the rectum is the last five inches that connects the colon to the anus.
Sometimes small growths of tissue known as polyps can form in the lining of the colon and rectum. These look like small spots and they may become cancerous over time. Colorectal cancer typically grows from these polyps slowly over a period of years.
The causes of colorectal cancer are unknown, although there are some risk factors that can increase the likelihood of you developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it does make it more likely. You may even have multiple risk factors for colorectal cancer and never get it. However, you are more prone to get colorectal cancer if you:
- Are older
- Have polyps (growths) on the inner wall of your colon or rectum
- Have a family history of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
- Are overweight
- Drink or smoke heavily
- Have a family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps
- Have an inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
- Regularly eat red or processed meats
- Have a diet which is high in fat and low in fiber
- Have a medical condition, such diabetes or gallstones
While you may have no symptoms in the early stages of colorectal cancer, as it grows you may experience different symptoms depending on your cancer’s size and location in the intestine. Colorectal cancer symptoms can include:
- Changes to your usual bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea
- Nausea and vomiting
- Feeling as if you haven’t emptied your bowel after a bowel movement
- Light or dark blood in your stool
- Loss of appetite or weight loss
- Pain during bowel movements
- Stomach pains
Having one or more of these symptoms doesn’t mean you have colorectal cancer, but it’s best to ask your doctor for advice. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chances are of it being successfully treated.
Our standard of care starts by offering the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for colorectal cancers — including surgery, chemotherapy radiation therapy and targeted therapies. Your care team can also give you advice about well-being and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
We know from our experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Colorectal cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for colorectal cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer is relatively rare in the U.S., accounting for only 1% of all cancers diagnosed. It’s three times more common in men and mostly affects individuals over the age of 65. Our teams of specialist oncologists continually evaluate the latest esophageal cancer treatments so we can offer the most up-to-date options to every patient without delay.
The esophagus is part of the digestive system and carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It is 10 to 13 inches long, and less than an inch wide at its smallest point.
Esophageal cancer develops when cells in the esophagus become abnormal and grow at an uncontrollable rate. These cancerous cells can accumulate into a tumor and this may occur in any part of the esophagus (upper, middle or lower).
Esophageal cancer may be broken down into two types, depending on the cells in which the cancer originated. These are:
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma– the cancer starts in the mucus glands of the esophagus. This usually develops in the lower part of the esophagus, at the junction with the stomach
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma– the cancer starts in the cells that make up the inner lining of the esophagus. This often occurs in the upper and middle part of the esophagus
The causes of esophageal cancer are unknown, however, there are some risk factors that can increase the likelihood of you developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it does make it more likely. You might have many risks factors for esophageal cancer and never get it. You are more prone to develop esophageal cancer if you:
- Are male
- Are older
- Are overweight or obese
- Drink excessive amounts of alcohol
- Smoke
- Have precancerous changes in your esophageal cells, such as a condition called Barrett’s esophagus
- Have acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Have a diet which is high in fat and low in fruits and vegetables
The first signs of esophageal cancer can be difficult to spot. You may experience:
- Feeling tired or shortness of breath
- Indigestion or heart burn that doesn’t go away
- Nausea or vomiting which is related to eating
- Pain or difficulty when swallowing
- Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss
Having one or more of these symptoms doesn’t mean you have esophageal cancer but it’s best to ask your primary care physician for advice. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chances are of it being successfully treated.
We offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for esophageal cancers as standard, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapies. Your care team can also give you advice about well-being and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
We know from our experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Esophageal cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for esophageal cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Gastrointestinal cancer
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is the name for cancers affecting the digestive system (or GI tract).
There are a range of types of gastrointestinal cancers including:
Genitourinary cancer
There are many different type of genitourinary cancers which effect both men and women.
Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer develops when the healthy cells that make up the lining of your bladder start to grow uncontrollably and form a tumor. This tumor can either stay in the lining or spread to nearby muscle.
The bladder is part of the urinary tract which is important in passing waste out of your body. Urine passes from the kidneys and down the ureters into the bladder before it is excreted through your urethra.
A lot of bladder cancers may also be called ‘transitional cell carcinomas’ – where the cancer originates in the transitional cells of your bladder. They can also be grouped depending on where in the bladder the tumor is found, the three types are:
- Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: the most common type. It only affects the lining of the bladder
- Muscle-invasive bladder cancer:when cancer spreads into muscle around the bladder. It’s then more likely to spread to other areas of the body (metastasize)
- Advanced bladder cancer: where bladder cancer has already spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body
The causes of bladder cancer are not fully understood, however, there are risk factors that can increase the likelihood of you developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it makes it more likely. You might have many risks factors for bladder cancer and never get it. You’re more likely to develop the condition if you:
- Are a smoker
- Are male – men are three times more likely to be diagnosed with bladder cancer than women in the U.S.
- Are older – the risk of developing bladder cancer increases with age and it’s most common in people over 70
- Have a close relative who has had bladder cancer
- Already have a condition – such as Crohn’s disease, human papillomavirus (HPV) or diabetes
- Have been exposed to workplace chemicals
- Have chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs)
There are several early warning signs of bladder cancer, and these can vary from person to person. Common bladder cancer symptoms include:
- Blood in your urine
- Pain or burning when you urinate
- A sudden need to urinate
- Having to urinate more often – including during the night
- Feeling a need to urinate but not being able to
- Pain on one side of your lower back
Sometimes these symptoms might be caused by something else as they are similar to signs of non-cancerous conditions, such as a urine infection or enlarged prostate. If you have one or more of these bladder cancer symptoms and are concerned, you should see your physician in case they need to run some tests.
We offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for bladder cancer as standard, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, brachytherapy and immunotherapies. Your care team can also give you advice about wellbeing and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
Our multidisciplinary teams are comprised of world-class physicians and expert support staff, who work together to ensure you always receive the best possible care that’s focused on you, not just your cancer.
Bladder cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for bladder cancer, from diagnostics to survivorship
Kidney cancer
Kidney cancer occurs when cells in the kidney start to grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells accumulate into a mass, known as a tumor.
The kidneys are a pair of organs that are essential to your urinary system. Their job is to filter waste products and extra water from the blood while producing urine.
Most people have two kidneys, and usually, kidney cancer only affects one of them. The most common type of kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It starts in the small tubes of the kidneys. There are three main types of RCC, these are:
- Clear cell, which is the most common
- Chromophobe
- Papillary
In the U.S., kidney cancer is the sixth most common cancer type in men and the eighth in women, however, it rarely occurs in people under the age of 55. Children are more likely to develop a kind of kidney cancer called Wilms’ tumor.
If it’s diagnosed early enough, and it hasn’t spread, kidney cancer is often treatable.
The causes of kidney cancer are unknown, although there are some risk factors that can increase the likelihood of you developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it does make it more likely. You may even have multiple risk factors for kidney cancer and never get it.
However, you’re more likely to develop kidney cancers if you:
- Are very overweight or obese
- Are older
- Smoke
- Have a close family member who has had kidney cancer
- Have had dialysis for kidney disease
- Have previously had radiation therapy for testicular cancer
- Have high blood pressure
- Have an inherited condition, such as Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
- Have a medical condition, such as chronic kidney disease or sickle cell disease (SCD)
Some signs of kidney cancer are more obvious than others, these include:
- Blood in your urine (hematuria)
- A lump in your kidney area, found in the middle part of your back
Other kidney cancer symptoms include:
- Pain in the side of your lower back or abdomen
- Fatigue
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- High temperature and sweating
- Swelling in your ankle or leg (edema)
- Sudden, unexplained weight loss
- Swollen neck glands
Having one or more of these kidney cancer symptoms doesn’t mean you have cancer, as they may be caused by other, non-cancerous conditions. It’s best to speak to your primary care physician for advice if you have any concerns. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chances are of it being successfully treated.
We offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for kidney cancers as standard, including surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapies and targeted therapies. Your care team can also give you advice about well-being and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
We know from our experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Kidney cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for kidney cancer, from diagnostics to survivorship
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer is rare compared to other cancer types, however, it is the most common cancer in American males between the ages of 15 and 35. Unlike prostate cancer, testicular cancer is uncommon in older men.
Testicular cancer occurs well the cells in the testicles (testes) start to grow uncontrollably and accumulate into a mass known as a tumor. More than 90% of testicular cancers originate in the germ cells, which produce sperm. The two main types of germ cell tumors in the testicle are seminomas and non-seminomas, and there are further subtypes to each of these. Despite the numerous different kinds of testicular cancer, all men who develop testicular cancer are born with an abnormality on their 12th chromosome.
When detected early, testicular cancer is easily curable. Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the testicle, but you may also need chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
We’re not sure exactly what causes testicular cancer, however, there are some known factors that increase your risk of developing the condition.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it makes it more likely. You might have many risks factors for testicular cancer and never get it.
Testicular cancer is more common in men with undescended testicles – a condition known as cryptorchidism. Usually, babies are born with their testicles already in the scrotum but for some, the testicles can remain in the abdomen. This is a common childhood condition and the testicles often descend naturally into the scrotum during his first year. In some cases, the testicles may not descend at all and will remain in the abdomen unless treated. Men with undescended testicles have a much higher chance of having testicular cancer than those whose testicles descended at birth or soon afterwards.
You’re also more likely to develop testicular cancer if you:
- Are white
- Have a family history of testicular cancer or undescended testicles
- Have previously had testicular cancer
The first sign of testicular cancer is often a lump or swelling in one of your testicles. Other symptoms may include:
- Changes in the shape or texture of your testicles
- Pain in your back, groin or lower abdomen
- Pain, aching or feeling of heaviness in your scrotum
- Tenderness or swelling in the breast or nipple – caused by hormonal changes
Having one or more of these testicular cancer symptoms doesn’t mean you have cancer, as they may be caused by other, benign (non-cancerous) conditions. It’s best to speak to your primary care physician for advice if you have any concerns. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chance of it being successfully treated.
We offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for testicular cancers as standard, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Your care team can also give you advice about wellbeing and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
We know from our experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Testicular cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for testicular cancer, from diagnostics to survivorship
Gynecological cancer
There are many different types of gynecologic cancers which effect a woman’s reproductive system. They can happen to women of all ages but are most common if you’re over 50. We've listed them below:
Cervical cancer
The cervix is the entrance to the uterus from the vagina. Cervical cancer develops when the cells of the cervix transform and start to grow at an uncontrollable rate. These abnormal cells accumulate to form a tumor.
Most cervical cancer cases are diagnosed in women under the age of 50 through their regular Pap smear. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable forms of all cancers and because it is typically slow growing, it’s easily treated if caught early.
The causes of cervical cancer are unknown, although there are risk factors that can increase the likelihood of you developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it does make it more likely. You may even have multiple risk factors for cervical cancer and never get it.
The main risk factor for cervical cancer is a virus known as human papillomavirus (HPV). It is passed from person to person during sex. Although there are many types of HPV, only a few cause cervical cancer. You are also more likely to develop cervical cancer if you:
- Have had multiple sexual partners
- First had sex at age 14 years old or under
- Are a smoker
- Have HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases
- Have a family history of cervical cancer
- Have previously had cancer of the vulva, vagina, kidney, or urinary tract
- Are on the combined pill (containing synthetic versions of estrogen and progesterone)
You can reduce your risk of developing cervical cancer by receiving the HPV vaccine before you’re sexually active. You’re also half as likely to get cervical cancer if your partner is circumcised, because the risk of the HPV virus is much lower in circumcised men.
You may find that you have no symptoms in the early stages of cervical cancer. However, cervical cancer symptoms can include:
- Irregular bleeding
- Bleeding after menopause
- Unusually long or heavy menstrual cycles
- Pain or discomfort during sex
- Bleeding after sex
- Discharge from the vagina that smells unpleasant
- Pain in your pelvis
After an abnormal pap smear, a biopsy may be performed to help determine a diagnosis. We offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for cervical cancers—including surgery, chemotherapy and advanced radiation therapy such as high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Your care team can also give you advice about well-being and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
We know from our experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Cervical cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for cervical cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Ovarian cancer
The two ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They produce the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone which control your menstrual cycle, and an egg each month during your fertile years.
Ovarian cancer develops when cells in the ovary grow and multiply in an uncontrolled way. They accumulate to form a tumor which – if not treated – can spread to other areas of the body. At an early stage, ovarian cancer can be difficult to diagnose.
The type of ovarian cancer you have depends on the kind of cell your cancer started in. The three main types of ovarian cancer are:
- Epithelial tumors – these begin in the epithelial cells that cover the ovaries. Around 90% of all ovarian cancers are epithelial tumors
- Stromal tumors – this is a less common type of ovarian cancer which starts in the cells that produce hormones. These tumors are generally diagnosed quicker than other types of ovarian cancers, and they make up about 7% of ovarian cancer cases
- Germ cell tumors – these begin in the egg-producing cells of the ovaries. Germ cell tumors are a rare kind of ovarian cancer and most often occur in younger women
We don’t know what causes ovarian cancer. However, there are some factors that increase your risk of developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it makes it more likely. You might have many risks factors for ovarian cancer and never get it. You’re more likely to develop ovarian cancer if you:
- Are over 60 years old
- Have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer
- Have the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation
- Have previously had breast cancer
- Have received hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or tamoxifen (breast cancer therapy)
- Have endometriosis
- Are overweight
You may be less at risk if you:
- Are taking the contraceptive pill
- Have had children
- Breastfed your children
It can be difficult to recognize the signs of ovarian cancer, it may go undetected until it has spread to your pelvis or abdomen. As it develops you may experience:
- A bloated feeling or swollen abdomen
- Feeling very full when eating
- Urinating more frequently
- Fatigue
- Pain or discomfort in your pelvis or abdomen
- Unexplained weight loss
Having one or more of these ovarian cancer symptoms doesn’t mean you’ll have the condition, as these changes can be caused by other illnesses such as irritable bowel syndrome. It’s best to speak to your primary care physician if you have any concerns. The sooner ovarian cancer is detected, the better the chance of it being successfully treated.
We offer the latest ovarian cancer diagnostic tests and treatments for as standard, including surgery, radiation therapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapies. As part of a successful global company, we have access to world-class expertise and invest in the latest technology and treatments that have been proven to make a difference.
At SunState Medical Specialists, we understand what it takes to achieve the best possible life outcomes and go a little further to provide it. After all, we’re treating you — not just your cancer.
Ovarian cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for ovarian cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Head and neck cancer
Head and neck cancers are a group of cancers that begin in the head or neck. Head and neck cancers are named after the area they start in. The most common types of head and neck cancer in the U.S. are mouth, throat and voice box cancer.
Treatment focused on you
We specialize in the latest technologies to treat head and neck cancer that are proven to be effective. We work with multidisciplinary teams of cancer specialists who will be with you every step of the way, from diagnosis to treatment and beyond, to ensure that you receive the best possible care during your time with us.
At SunState Medical Specialists, we are dedicated to designing better care experiences for our patients to give them the best possible life outcomes. Our patients receive high-quality care when and where they need it – care that helps them get on with their lives and do the things that are important to them. We do this by approaching the patient experience or “cancer treatment” like nobody else.
When you choose SunState Medical Specialists for your cancer care, you’ll gain access to a global network in cancer care. Together, we are raising the bar in cancer care to increase patient access to high-quality treatments in communities around the US for our patients.
Find your nearest SunState Medical Specialists center to find out what diagnostic tests and scans are available in your local area. Whatever your outcome, our expert team will support you throughout your treatment journey.
Head and neck cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for head and neck cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Liver cancer
Your liver is a large organ which filters your blood. It also makes important proteins, metabolizes fats, and stores carbohydrates which the body uses for energy.
Cancer occurs when the cells in the body start to grow uncontrollably. These abnormal cells accumulate to form a tumor. Liver cancer can be categorized into two types, primary and secondary.
- Primary liver cancer – This is when the cancerous cells originate in the liver. The most common type of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma. More rare types of liver cancer include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma.
- Secondary liver cancer – Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the liver from another part of the body is called secondary liver cancer. This means it’s an advanced cancer. Secondary liver cancer is much more common than primary liver cancer, and is named after the area of the body that the cancerous cells originated from.
In the U.S., primary liver cancer affects about 40,000 people each year, with this number increasing annually. Men are also around three times more likely to get primary liver cancer than women.
What causes liver cancer? We know from our experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it does make it more likely. You may even have multiple risk factors for liver cancer and never get it.
However, many liver cancer cases are related to chronic viral infections, particularly hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV).
You’re also more likely to develop liver cancers if you:
- Are male
- Are older
- Drink excessive amounts of alcohol
- Have a type of scarring of the liver called cirrhosis, which can be caused by hepatitis or alcohol abuse
- Are obese
- Are diabetic
- Have an inherited liver condition, such as hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease
- Eat foods that have been affected by aflatoxins (molds that grow on crops when they’re not stored properly)
Most people don’t have any liver cancer symptoms during its early stages. As the cancer grows, you may experience:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Pains in your upper abdomen
- Lump in your liver area, which is on your right side below the rib cage
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weakness and fatigue
- Swelling in your abdomen
- Jaundice, characterized by the yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes
- White, chalky stools
Having one or more of these liver cancer symptoms doesn’t mean you have cancer, as they may be caused by other conditions. It’s best to speak to your primary care physician if you have any concerns. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chances are of it being successfully treated.
Our standard of care starts by offering the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for liver cancer — including chemotherapy, targeted therapies and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Our latest-generation systems deliver highly targeted radiation, for effective tumor treatments with fewer side effects.
At SunState Medical Specialists, we understand what it takes to achieve the best possible life outcomes, so we go even further by providing the personal support you need. After all, we’re treating you — not just your cancer.
Liver cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for liver cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Lung cancer
Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer in the U.S., with over 200,000 new cases each year. Our teams of expert oncologists and pulmonologists continually evaluate the latest lung cancer treatments so we can offer the most up-to-date options to every patient without delay.
The lungs are the main organs for breathing and are part of the respiratory system that includes the nose, mouth, windpipe and airways to each lung. Lung cancer develops when cells in the body start to grow uncontrollably and accumulate to form a cancerous tumor in the tissue of one or both of the lungs.
Lung cancer can be categorized into two types, primary and secondary.
Primary lung cancer
This is when the cancerous cells originate in the lung. Primary lung cancer can be further split into two groups:
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
This is the most common type of primary lung cancer – about 9 out of 10 cases.
Types of non-small cell lung cancer include:
- Adenocarcinoma – starts in the mucus and affects the smaller airways
- Squamous cell carcinoma – mainly affects the cells that line the tubes into the lungs. It tends to grow in the center of the lung and is usually caused by smoking
- Large cell carcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma – cancer affecting large round cells
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
This is much less common and it mainly affects smokers.
SCLC tends to start in the middle of the lungs and usually spreads more quickly than NSCLC. Types of small cell lung cancer include:
- Small cell carcinoma
- Mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma
Secondary lung cancer
Cancer that has spread (metastasized) to the lung from another part of the body is called secondary lung cancer. This means it’s an advanced cancer.
Less common lung cancers include:
- Tracheal cancer – a type of lung cancer which starts in the trachea (windpipe) or one of its two branches (the bronchi) – because of this it is sometimes also called bronchial cancer
- Mesothelioma – a rare cancer that affects the covering of the lung, called the pleura. It’s almost always caused by exposure to asbestos
- Thoracic cancer – less common lung cancers can form outside the lungs and in the chest area. These are called ‘thoracic cancers’
The majority of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking, either you smoking or being exposed to second-hand smoke. In some instances, lung cancer can develop in people who’ve never smoked or are not exposed to second-hand smoke – the underlying causes here are not clear.
There are a number of known factors that increase your risk of developing lung cancer.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it makes it more likely. You might have many risks factors for lung cancer and never get it.
You’re more likely to develop lung cancers if you:
- Are over 65
- Smoke or are exposed to second-hand smoke
- Have a personal or family history of lung cancer
- Have previously had radiation therapy to your chest
- Work with asbestos or other chemicals – such as arsenic, chromium and nickel
- Are exposed to radon gas – this is produced by the natural breakdown of substances in soil. Unsafe levels of radon can sometimes accumulate in homes
Most people don’t have any signs of lung cancer when it’s in its early stages. As the cancer grows, you may experience:
- A persistent cough that is progressively worse
- Coughing up blood
- Hoarse voice
- Regular or persistent chest infections
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath
- Breathing or swallowing difficulties
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
Having one or more lung cancer symptoms doesn’t mean you have cancer, as they may be caused by other conditions. It’s best to speak to your primary care physician if you have any concerns. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chance of it being successfully treated.
We offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments for lung cancer as standard, including advanced radiation therapies such as high-dose rate brachytherapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Our latest-generation systems deliver highly targeted radiation, for effective tumor treatments with fewer side effects.
At SunState Medical Specialists, we understand what it takes to achieve the best possible life outcomes and go a little further to provide it. After all, we’re treating you — not just your cancer.
Lung cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for lung cancer, from diagnosis to survival.
Skin cancer
Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in the U.S. Roughly 20% of Americans will develop skin cancer before the age of 70. It is the growth of abnormal cells at an uncontrolled rate in the epidermis, or the outer skin layer. The leading cause of skin cancer is UV radiation, either from sunlight or tanning beds.
There are two main types of skin cancer, and they’re categorized according to the cell the cancer starts from: melanoma and non-melanoma cancers.
Treatment focused on you
We understand that being diagnosed with cancer can be overwhelming – we are here to help you navigate this journey. At SunState Medical Specialists, we specialize in the latest technologies and continually evaluate the latest skin cancer treatments so we can offer the most up-to-date options to every patient without delay. We offer treatments that can improve your skin cancer prognosis, manage the disease and help minimize any discomfort and pain. You and your doctor will work together to decide on the most appropriate treatment plan for you, tailored to your needs.
Skin cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for stomach cancer, from diagnostics to survivorship
Stomach cancer
In the U.S., stomach cancer is more common in men than women and about two thirds of people diagnosed are 65 or older.
Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, typically begins in the cells that line the stomach wall or inside the stomach itself. The cells acquire abnormal changes and start to grow uncontrollably to form a tumor. This process tends to be quite slow. Stomach cancers rarely cause symptoms in the early stages and can go undetected for several years. As the tumor grows, it may start to spread to nearby organs, such as the liver and pancreas.
The most common type of stomach cancer is an adenocarcinoma, this is when the tumor originates from the cells lining the stomach that produce mucus and stomach acid. Other stomach cancers include lymphomas (in the stomach wall) and leiomyosarcomas (in smooth muscle of the stomach). Stomach cancers can also be named according to their location, for example, if the tumor is located at the place where the top of the stomach meets the bottom of the esophagus, you may hear it be described as gastroesophageal junction cancer.
The causes of stomach cancer are unknown, however, there are some risk factors that can increase the likelihood of you developing it.
Having a risk factor for a disease doesn’t mean that you will definitely get it, but it makes it more likely. You might have many risks factors for stomach cancer and never get it.
You’re more likely to develop stomach cancers if you:
- Are male
- Are older
- Are overweight or obese
- Have a history of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)
- Eat a lot of processed meat
- Smoke
- Have been infected with a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
- Have a diet that is high in salt or low in fruit and vegetables
- Have been exposed to certain workplace certain chemicals – for example if you work in the rubber production industry or with asbestos
- Have a family history of stomach cancer
Cancer of the stomach is often detected late as the signs may not be obvious. More advanced stomach cancer symptoms may include:
- Acidity and heartburn
- Anemia – caused by bleeding in the stomach
- Feeling bloated eating
- Indigestion
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Nausea and vomiting
- Stomach pains or swelling
- Swallowing difficulties
- Trapped wind
Having one or more of these symptoms doesn’t mean you have cancer, as they may be caused by other conditions. It’s best to speak to your primary care physician for advice if you have any concerns. The sooner your cancer is detected, the better the chance of treating it successfully.
We offer the latest diagnostic tests and treatments including stomach cancer surgery, chemotherapy radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. Your care team can also give you advice about wellbeing and nutrition that you can follow throughout the course of your treatment and beyond.
We know from our experience that high-quality care means treating you as a person and not just your cancer. Our expert team will treat your disease in the best way possible, while offering as much personal support as you need.
Stomach cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for stomach cancer, from diagnostics to survivorship
Ureter cancer
The ureters are the tubes that empty urine from your kidney into your bladder. Cancer that begins in a ureter is considered a type of bladder cancer, and is very rare. Ureter cancer occurs more commonly in men than in women.
Treatment focused on you
We specialize in the latest technologies to treat ureter cancer that are proven to be effective. We work with multidisciplinary teams of cancer specialists who will be with you every step of the way, from diagnosis to treatment and beyond, to ensure that you receive the best possible care during your time with us.
At SunState Medical Specialists, we are dedicated to designing better care experiences for our patients to give them the best possible life outcomes. Our patients receive high-quality care when and where they need it – care that helps them get on with their lives and do the things that are important to them. We do this by approaching the patient experience or “cancer treatment” like nobody else.
When you choose SunState Medical Specialists for your cancer care, you’ll gain access to a global network in cancer care. Together, we are raising the bar in cancer care to increase patient access to high-quality treatments in communities around the US for our patients.
Find your nearest SunState Medical Specialists center to find out what diagnostic tests and scans are available in your local area. Whatever your outcome, our expert team will support you throughout your treatment journey.
Ureter cancer journey
Find out more about the treatment journey for Ureter cancer, from diagnostics to survivorship