Navigating Multiple Myeloma
Navigating multiple myeloma can be physically and emotionally challenging. Having a clear understanding of the disease and available treatments can help patients and families feel more informed, supported, and confident throughout the care journey.
What Is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that develops in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow that helps fight infection. When these cells become cancerous, they multiply and interfere with healthy blood cell production, which can lead to fatigue, bone pain, and increased risk of infection. Unlike many cancers, multiple myeloma is often chronic and uncurable but can be managed over time with treatment.
Common Symptoms
Multiple myeloma can affect different parts of the body and may cause symptoms such as:
- Bone pain or fractures, especially in the back, ribs, or hips
- Fatigue or weakness
- Frequent infections
- High calcium levels
- Kidney dysfunction
- Unexplained weight loss or appetite changes
Talk with your doctor if symptoms persist or worsen.
Risk Factors and Diagnosis
Multiple myeloma most commonly affects adults over age 65 and is diagnosed more frequently in men and African American individuals. Additional risk factors include:
- A personal history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUC)
- Family history of myeloma
- Obesity, or long-term exposure to radiation or certain chemicals
Diagnosis typically includes blood and urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs.
Treatment Options
Treatment is highly individualized and may include:
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- CAR-T cell therapy
- Corticosteroids
- Stem cell transplant to extend remission
Ongoing research continues to improve outcomes and quality of life for many patients.
Living with Myeloma
Managing multiple myeloma requires ongoing care and monitoring. Regular oncology visits, side-effect management, infection prevention, emotional support, and access to education and support groups all play an important role. Patients and caregivers are not alone—care teams and resources are available every step of the way.